Studi Literatur: Apakah Kalium dapat Mengontrol Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi?
Abstract
Abstract. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, influenced by various factors, including electrolyte intake such as potassium. Potassium plays a role in blood pressure regulation through the mechanism of vasodilation, which involves the widening of blood vessels influenced by the hyperpolarization of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle. This process reduces intracellular calcium levels, decreases smooth muscle contraction, and increases blood flow, thereby contributing to blood pressure reduction. The method used was an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were interviewed regarding age, gender, and hypertension history, followed by blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer. Potassium intake data were obtained through a 3x24-hour dietary recall over two weeks and analyzed by nutritionists using the Nutrisurvey application. The results of the Spearman rank correlation test showed a p-value < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between potassium intake and blood pressure. This conclusion was drawn without considering hypertension medication use, physical activity, or sleep patterns.
Abstrak. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk asupan elektrolit seperti kalium. Kalium berperan dalam regulasi tekanan darah melalui mekanisme vasodilatasi, yaitu pelebaran pembuluh darah yang dipengaruhi oleh hiperpolarisasi sel endotel dan otot polos vaskular. Proses ini mengurangi kadar kalsium intraseluler, menurunkan kontraksi otot polos, dan meningkatkan aliran darah, sehingga berkontribusi pada penurunan tekanan darah. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden di wawancarai mengenai usia, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat hipertensi dilanjutkan pemeriksaan tekanan darah menggunakan sphyngmomanometer. Data asupan kalium diperoleh melalui re-calling nutrisi 3x24 jam selama dua minggu kemudian dilakukan analis oleh ahli gizi menggunakan aplikasi Nutrisurvey. Hasil uji korelasi rank spearman diperoleh p-value <0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan adanya hubungan antara asupan kalium dengan tekanan darah tanpa mempertimbangkan konsumsi obat hipertensi, aktivitas fisik, dan pola tidur.
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