Prevalensi Gangguan Refraksi Mata pada Anak Sebelum, Selama, dan Setelah COVID-19 di Poliklinik Mata RSUD Al-Ihsan Periode 2018-2023

  • Muhammad Febryan Rizky Dwi Putra Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.
  • Bambang Setiohadji Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung
  • Buti Azfiani Azhali Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung
Keywords: Prevalensi, Refraksi Mata, Anak

Abstract

Abstract. Visual impairment is a common occurrence. As individuals age, they generally experience at least one form of visual impairment. Globally, there are at least 1 billion individuals suffering from near or distance vision impairments that should be preventable or still require treatment. The most common visual impairment among children worldwide is refractive disorders, particularly myopia, which has gained global attention due to the loss of vision that cannot be corrected. The inability to correct these refractive disorders has significant impacts on their overall development, especially in terms of education and psychosocial well-being. This study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of refractive disorders among children aged 5 to 18 years visiting the Eye Clinic of Al-Ihsan Regional Hospital from 2018 to 2023. The high incidence of visual impairments in children is a concerning health issue in Indonesia that has the potential to affect the quality of life and education of children. The methodology used is descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach, utilizing secondary data from medical records. The subjects of the study consist of children and adolescents diagnosed with refractive disorders, using a total sampling technique. The results indicate that astigmatism is the most prevalent refractive disorder, followed by myopia and hyperopia, with a higher diagnosis rate in females compared to males. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of refractive disorders decreased due to limited access to healthcare services; however, cases of myopia increased due to the use of gadgets for educational purposes. After the pandemic, the prevalence rose again in line with the optimization of healthcare services. Therefore, it can be concluded that refractive eye disorders in children remain a health issue that needs to be addressed. This research provides important insights for the development of strategies for children's eye health in the future, especially in the context of the pandemic.

Abstrak. Gangguan penglihatan adalah hal yang umum terjadi. Setiap individu seiring bertambah usia pada umumnya akan mengalami setidaknya satu gangguan penglihatan. Secara global, setidaknya terdapat 1 miliar individu yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan jarak dekat ataupun jauh yang seharusnya dapat dicegah atau masih perlu ditangani. Gangguan penglihatan yang umum terjadi di seluruh dunia pada anak-anak adalah gangguan refraktif terutama miopia, yang menjadi sorotan dunia akibat kehilangan gangguan penglihatan yang tidak bisa diperbaiki. Ketidakmampuan untuk memperbaiki gangguan refraktif ini memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada perkembangan mereka secara keseluruhan, terutama dalam hal pendidikan dan kesejahteraan psikososial. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis prevalensi gangguan refraksi di kalangan anak-anak berusia 5 hingga 18 tahun yang berkunjung ke Poliklinik Mata RSUD Al-Ihsan dalam rentang waktu 2018 hingga 2023. Tingginya angka gangguan penglihatan pada anak menjadi prihatin masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang berpotensi memengaruhi kualitas hidup serta pendidikan anak-anak. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, memanfaatkan data sekunder dari rekam medis. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari anak-anak dan remaja yang telah terdiagnosis dengan gangguan refraksi, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa astigmatisma adalah gangguan refraksi mata terbanyak, diikuti oleh miopia dan hipermetropia, kemudian perempuan lebih banyak yang terdiagnosa dibandingkan dengan laki-laki. Selama pandemi COVID-19, prevalensi gangguan refraksi menurun akibat terbatasnya akses layanan kesehatan, di sisi lain kasus miopia meningkat karena penggunaan gawai untuk menempuh pendidikan. Setelah pandemi, prevalensi kembali meningkat seiring dengan optimalisasi layanan kesehatan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan, gangguan refraksi mata pada anak tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditangani. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting untuk pengembangan strategi kesehatan mata anak di masa yang mendatang khususnya pandemi.

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Published
2025-02-02