Hubungan Usia dan Jenis Kelamin dengan Komplikasi Neuropati Diabetik di RSUD R. Syamsudin, SH Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2023
Abstract
Abstract. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, with a prevalence that continues to rise annually. One of the most common chronic complications is microvascular complications, with diabetic neuropathy being the most prevalent, accounting for 65% of all cases. This study analyzes the relationship between age and gender with the incidence of diabetic neuropathy (DN) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at RSUD R. Syamsudin, S.H, Sukabumi City, in 2023. This research uses an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach, based on secondary data from patient medical records in 2023. A total of 374 samples were obtained using a total sampling technique. Data were analyzed univariately using tabulation and bivariately with the Chi-square test. The results showed that most DN patients were female (234), with the highest age group in the low-risk category (188), while the most common type of DN complication was mononeuropathy (260). Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between age and DN (p=0.005), but no significant relationship between gender and DN (p=0.440). This study suggests a shift in DN patient age trends to younger groups, possibly influenced by lifestyle, increasing prediabetes prevalence, and other risk factors.
Abstrak. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 adalah penyakit metabolik dengan kadar gula darah tinggi dan prevalensi yang terus meningkat setiap tahun. Salah satu komplikasi kronis yang sering terjadi adalah komplikasi mikrovaskuler, dengan neuropati diabetik sebagai jenis komplikasi paling umum, mencapai 65% dari seluruh kasus. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara usia dan jenis kelamin dengan kejadian neuropati diabetik (ND) pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD R. Syamsudin, S.H, Kota Sukabumi tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, berdasarkan data sekunder rekam medis pasien tahun 2023. Sebanyak 374 sampel diperoleh melalui teknik total sampling. Data dianalisis secara univariat menggunakan tabulasi dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas pasien ND adalah perempuan (234), dengan kelompok usia tertinggi berada pada kategori risiko rendah (188), sedangkan jenis komplikasi ND paling umum adalah mononeuropati (260). Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara usia dan ND (p=0,005), tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dan ND (p=0,440). Studi ini mengindikasikan pergeseran tren usia pasien ND ke kelompok lebih muda, yang kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh gaya hidup, peningkatan prevalensi prediabetes, serta faktor risiko lainnya.
References
[2] J. R. Ari Dwi, “Prevalensi Diabetes di Indonesia,” 11 February 2023. [Online]. Available: https://rri.co.id/infografis/204/prevalensi-diabetes-di-indonesia#:~:text=JUTAAN%20orang%20di%20Indonesia%20menderita,penderita%20diabetes%20terbanyak%20di%20dunia
[3] S. A. D. Trusda, W. Purbaningsih, B. Budiman, and S. S. N. Fitriadi, “Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Ihsan Regional General Hospital,” Glob Med Health Commun, vol. 9, no. 2, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.29313/gmhc.v9i2.8123.
[4] E. L. Feldman et al., “Diabetic neuropathy,” Nat Rev Dis Primers, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 41, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0092-1.
[5] Y. Hasneli and F. A. Nauli, “IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISIS KOMPLIKASI MAKROVASKULER DAN MIKROVASKULER PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS,” Feb. 2015.
[6] for the ADVANCE Collaborative group et al., “Impact of age, age at diagnosis and duration of diabetes on the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications and death in type 2 diabetes,” Diabetologia, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 2465–2474, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3369-7.
[7] J. Liu, Y. Li, D. Zhang, S. S. Yi, and J. Liu, “Trends in Prediabetes Among Youths in the US From 1999 Through 2018,” JAMA Pediatrics, vol. 176, no. 6, pp. 608–611, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0077.
[8] U. Hostalek, “Global epidemiology of prediabetes - present and future perspectives,” Clin Diabetes Endocrinol, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 5, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s40842-019-0080-0.
[9] R. Hanewinckel, M. Van Oijen, M. A. Ikram, and P. A. Van Doorn, “The epidemiology and risk factors of chronic polyneuropathy,” Eur J Epidemiol, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 5–20, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1007/s10654-015-0094-6.
[10] A. Zulkarnaini and D. T. Kusnadi, “Kadar HbA1C Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Komplikasi Neuropati Diabetik di RSI Siti Rahmah Padang Tahun 2019-2020,” 2021.
[11] N. Papanas and D. Ziegler, “Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Diabetic Neuropathy: An Update 2015,” Rev Diabet Stud, vol. 12, no. 1–2, pp. 48–62, 2015, doi: 10.1900/RDS.2015.12.48.
[12] O. J. M. D. Nascimento, C. C. B. Pupe, and E. B. U. Cavalcanti, “Diabetic neuropathy,” Revista Dor, vol. 17, 2016, doi: 10.5935/1806-0013.20160047.
[13] P. J. Snyder et al., “Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men,” N Engl J Med, vol. 374, no. 7, pp. 611–624, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506119.
[14] Y. Hou et al., “Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease,” Nat Rev Neurol, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 565–581, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0244-7.
[15] X. Liu, Y. Xu, M. An, and Q. Zeng, “The risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A meta-analysis,” PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 2, p. e0212574, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212574.
[16] D. S. H. Bell, “Diabetic Mononeuropathies and Diabetic Amyotrophy,” Diabetes Ther, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1715–1722, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s13300-022-01308-x.
