Hubungan Kurang Energi Kronis Berdasarkan Lingkar Lengan Atas pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III dengan Berat Janin Berdasarkan Ultrasonografi

Najmi Wulan Septiani; Herri S. Sastramihardja; Yuke Andriane

doi:10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.16699

Najmi Wulan Septiani Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.
Herri S. Sastramihardja Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung
Yuke Andriane Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.16699

Keywords: Berat Janin, KEK, LILA

Abstract

Abstract. Statistical data from West Java Province in 2021 recorded that as many as 19,833 pregnant women experienced Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Chronic energy deficiency has an impact on fetal growth and development, so it is necessary to measure the mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) to detect the risk of CED. This study aims to analyze the relationship between CED based on MUAC and fetal weight based on ultrasound. The method of this research is observational analysis with a cross sectional approach. Chronic energy deficiency data was taken based on MUAC measurements while fetal weight was obtained from ultrasound results. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique on pregnant women at the Kadupandak Health Center, Cianjur Regency which met the inclusion criteria with a sample of 60 people. Data analysis was carried out using the spearman rank correlation test. Univariate analysis showed that the majority of pregnant women in the third trimester do not experience CED and had a fetal weight that was appropriate for gestational age. However, there are still 23.3% of pregnant women who experience CED and 10% have a fetal weight small for gestational age. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between CED based on MUAC and fetal weight based on ultrasound (p-value 0.045<0.05). Mid upper arm circumference can be an important indicator in detecting the risk of CED that affects fetal growth.

Abstrak. Data Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2021 mencatat sebanyak 19.833 ibu hamil mengalami Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK). Kurang energi kronis berdampak pada tumbuh kembang janin, sehingga diperlukan pengukuran Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) untuk mendeteksi risiko KEK. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara KEK berdasarkan LILA dengan berat janin berdasarkan USG. Metode penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data KEK diambil berdasarkan pengukuran LILA sedangkan berat janin diperoleh dari hasil USG. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Kadupandak Kabupaten Cianjur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 orang. Analisa data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman. Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ibu hamil trimester III tidak mengalami KEK dan memiliki berat janin yang sesuai dengan usia kehamilan. Namun, masih terdapat 23,3% ibu hamil yang mengalami KEK dan 10% memiliki berat janin kurang dari usia kehamilan. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara KEK berdasarkan LILA dengan berat janin berdasarkan USG (p-value 0,045<0,05). Pengukuran LILA dapat menjadi indikator penting dalam mendeteksi risiko terjadinya KEK yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan janin.

References

[1] Musaei S, Otaghvar AH. The Effect of Pregnancy on the Skin. Eurasian journal of Chemical, Medicinal and Petroleum Research EJCMPR. 2023;2(2):17-23.
[2] Iriani SO, Triwidiyantari D, Pitrianti D. Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Tafsiran Berat Janin Ibu Hamil Trimester III di PMB Bidan I Kabupaten Bandung. Journal of Midwifery Information (JoMI). 2022;2(2):200-6.
[3] Mukaddas H, Salma OW, Cristian M. Factors Related to Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Mothers in the Konawe District. Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery. 2021;18(2):18-20.
[4] Robiyati, Aisyah S, Anggraini H. Factors Associated with the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in the Working Area of the UPT Health Center Inpatient Banding Agung in 2021. Science Midwifery. 2022;10(2):559-65.
[5] UNICEF. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates 2018 edition – interactive dashboard [Internet]. 2018.
[6] Musaddik, Putri ARL, Ihsan HM. Hubungan Sosial Ekonomi dan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nambo Kota Kendari. Jurnal Gizi Ilmiah (JGI). 2022;9(2):19-26.
[7] KemenKes RI. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.; 2019.
[8] Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dan Desa. Jumlah Ibu Hamil yang Mengalami Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) Berdasarkan Desa/Kelurahan di Jawa Barat [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Jan 13].
[9] Lina, Arbaiyah, Harahap SM. Relationship between Chronic Energy Deficiency and Compliance with Taking Fe Tablets with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women at Kuala Simpang City Health Center Aceh Tamiang. Science Midwifery. 2022;10(4):3047-52.
[10] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, United Nations Children’s Fund. Gizi Ibu di Indonesia: Analisis Lanskap and Rekomendasi. Irmawati D, Fajriah E, editors. Jakarta: UNICEF; 2023. hlm.18–19.
[11] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Tindakan Resusitasi, Stabilisasi, dan Transpor Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.
[12] Kpewou DE, Poirot E, Berger J, Som SV, Laillou A, Belayneh SN, et al. Maternal Mid-upper Arm Circumference during Pregnancy and Linear Growth among Cambodian Infants During the First Months of Life. Matern Child Nutr. 2020;1(16):3-11.
[13] Yosefinata K, Zuhairini Y, Luftimas DE. Association Between Maternal Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Baby’s Birth Weight. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung. 2022;54(3):176–172.
[14] Thorup L, Hamann SA, Kallestrup P, Hjortdal VE, Tripathee A, Neupane, D, et al. Mid-upper arm circumference as an indicator of underweight in adults: a cross-sectional study from Nepal. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-7.
[15] Mossayebnezhad R, Niknami M, Pakseresht S, Leili EK. Estimation of Fetal Weight by Clinical Methods and Ultrasonography and Comparing With Actual Birth Weight. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery. 2021;31(4):219–26.
[16] Harding H. Increases in Maternal Education and Low-Income Childen’s Cognitive and Behavioral Outcome’s. Dev Psychol. 2017;51(5):583–99.
[17] Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Peta Jalan SDGs Indonesia Menuju 2030. 2020.
[18] Utami P, Zulkifli H, Hasyim H. Analysis Determination of Estimated Fetal Weight on Pregnant Mothers. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA). 2021 Dec 31;3(3):217–27.
[19] Shinsugi C, Gunasekara D, Takimoto H. Use of mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) to predict malnutrition among Sri Lankan schoolchildren. Nutrients. 2020 Jan 1;12(1):2–8.
[20] Kurdanti W, Khasana TM, Wayansari L. Lingkar lengan atas, indeks massa tubuh, dan tinggi fundus ibu hamil sebagai prediktor berat badan lahir. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2020 Apr 25;16(4):168–75.
[21] Oktafiani B, Aprilia KW, Prima DA, Aisyah PU. Pelaksanaan program gizi pada kelompok ibu hamil di Pekon Blitarejo Kecamatan Gading Rejo Kabupaten Pringsewu tahun 2022. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2023 Jan;2(1):37–43.
[22] Paramata Y, Sandalayuk M. Chronic Energy Malnutrition in Women Reproductive Age Limboto District, Gorontalo Regency. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2019 Apr;2(1):120–5.
[23] Husnah N, Akbar N, Karuniawati N. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Klinik Pratama BKIA Rakyat Kota Makassar. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai. 2024 Mar;5(1):2476–83.
[24] Rizki Andini F. Hubungan Faktor Sosio Ekonomi Dan Usia Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Prambontergayang Kabupaten Tuban. Amerta Nutrition. 2020 Sep 29;4(3):218–24.
[25] Husna A, Andika F, Rahmi N. Determinan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) Pada Ibu Hamil Di Pustu Lam Hasan Kecamatan Peukan Bada Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine. 2020 Apr;6(1):2615–109.
[26] Sulistiyaningsih N. Hubungan Antara Kurang Energi Kronis Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (Di Puskesmas Merakurak Tuban). Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan [Internet]. 2023 Oct [cited 2024 Dec 9];3(1):25–42.
[27] Ria Metasari A, Kasmiati, Ermawati. The relationship between pregnant mothers’ mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and estimated fetal weight. Volatiles & Essent Oils. 2021;8(4):8209–13.
[28] Isnaini WK, Azza A, Kholifah S. Hubungan Lingkar Lengan Atas Dengan Taksiran Berat Janin Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ke III Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jenggawah. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan. 2024;9(2):1–3.
[29] Ningrum EW, Cahyaningrum ED. Estimation Model On Newborn Anthropometry Based On Mid- Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Aisyiyah. 2020 Aug 14;16(1):120–5.