Hubungan Curah Hujan dan Suhu Udara dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Bandung Tahun 2023

  • Tiara Adisty Ruwayari Tamher Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.
  • Ratna Dewi Indi Astuti
  • Ismawati
Keywords: Kota Bandung, Curah Hujan, Suhu Udara

Abstract

Abstract. Dengue fever is a global health problem, especially in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Bandung City, one of the endemic areas in West Java, reported a significant increase in DHF cases in 2023. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rainfall and air temperature with the incidence of DHF in Bandung City in that year. This study used an analytic design with a cross-sectional approach based on secondary data. DHF incidence data were obtained from the annual recapitulation of the Bandung City Health Office, while rainfall and air temperature data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test, after ensuring normal data distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The results of univariate analysis showed that rainfall during 2023 ranged from 18.0 - 365 mm with an average of 145 mm, while air temperature ranged from 23.3°C - 25.5°C with an average of 24.3°C. The lowest number of dengue cases was 71 and the highest was 321, with an average of 154 cases per month and a total of 1,856 cases. Bivariate analysis showed that rainfall (p=0.501) and air temperature (p=0.367) had no significant association with the incidence of DHF (p>0.05). The value of p>0.05 indicates that the observed association was not statistically strong enough to support an association between these two variables and the incidence of DHF. The conclusion of this study confirms that rainfall and air temperature have no direct influence on the number of DHF cases in Bandung City in 2023. This can be explained by the multifactorial nature of the spread of DHF, where environmental factors such as rainfall and air temperature are only some of the elements that affect the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Other factors such as community behavior, the availability of mosquito breeding sites, the level of environmental hygiene, and the effectiveness of vector control programs, play a more dominant role in determining fluctuations in the number of cases. In other words, although rainfall and air temperature can create favorable conditions for mosquito life cycle, these factors are not always directly proportional to the increase in DHF cases. Further research is needed to explore the relationship of these variables by considering the influence of other factors.

Abstrak. Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan global, terutama di wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia. Kota Bandung, salah satu daerah endemis di Jawa Barat, melaporkan peningkatan kasus DBD yang signifikan pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara curah hujan dan suhu udara dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Bandung pada tahun tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik dengan pendekatan cross- sectional berbasis data sekunder. Data kejadian DBD diperoleh dari rekapitulasi tahunan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung, sementara data curah hujan dan suhu udara diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Pearson, setelah memastikan distribusi data normal menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan selama tahun 2023 berkisar antara 18,0 hingga 365 mm dengan rata-rata 145 mm, sementara suhu udara berkisar antara 23,3°C hingga 25,5°C dengan rata-rata 24,3°C. Jumlah kasus DBD terendah adalah 71 kasus, dan tertinggi adalah 321 kasus, dengan rata-rata 154 kasus per bulan serta total mencapai1.856 kasus. Hasil Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan (p=0,501) dan suhu udara (p=0,367) tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian DBD (p>0,05). Nilai p>0,05 menunjukkan bahwa hubungan yang diamati tidak cukup kuat secara statistik untuk mendukung adanya keterkaitan antara kedua variabel tersebut dengan kasus DBD. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa curah hujan dan suhu udara tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap jumlah kasus DBD di Kota Bandung pada tahun 2023. Hal ini dapat dijelaskan oleh sifat multifaktorial dari penyebaran DBD, di mana faktor lingkungan seperti curah hujan dan suhu udara hanyalah sebagian dari elemen yang memengaruhi siklus hidup nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Faktor-faktor lain, seperti perilaku masyarakat, ketersediaan tempat berkembang biak nyamuk, tingkat kebersihan lingkungan, dan efektivitas program pengendalian vektor, berperan lebih dominan dalam menentukan fluktuasi jumlah kasus. Dengan kata lain, meskipun curah hujan dan suhu udara dapat menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung siklus hidup nyamuk, faktor-faktor tersebut tidak selalu berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kasus DBD. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi keterkaitan variabel-variabel tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan pengaruh faktor lain.

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Published
2025-02-01