Studi Literatur: Status HIV dan Status Sensitivitas Obat pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru
Abstract
Abstract. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Standard TB treatment involves first-line drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, which are effective in drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) cases. However, resistance to first-line drugs, known as drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), has become a major challenge in TB management. This study aims to review drug sensitivity status in pulmonary TB patients, focusing on the distribution of DS-TB and DR-TB, risk factors for resistance, and challenges in managing DR-TB. drug sensitivity status is a critical indicator for the success of TB treatment. While first-line treatment remains effective for most pulmonary TB patients, the increasing prevalence of DR-TB necessitates more comprehensive control strategies, including enhanced screening, improved treatment adherence, and the development of more advanced diagnostic methods. Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are two interrelated infectious diseases and global health concerns. HIV-positive patients have a higher risk of developing active TB, including drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), due to weakened immune systems.
Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan tetap menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian akibat penyakit menular. Pengobatan TB standar menggunakan obat lini pertama seperti isoniazid, rifampisin, etambutol, dan pirazinamid, yang efektif pada kasus TB sensitif obat (TB-SO). Namun, resistensi terhadap obat lini pertama, yang dikenal sebagai TB resistan obat (TB-RO), telah menjadi tantangan utama dalam pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas status sensitivitas obat pada pasien TB paru, khususnya distribusi TB-SO dan TB-RO, faktor risiko resistensi, serta tantangan dalam penanganan TB-RO. Status sensitivitas obat adalah indikator penting untuk keberhasilan pengobatan TB. Meskipun pengobatan lini pertama masih efektif bagi sebagian besar pasien TB paru, meningkatnya kasus TB-RO memerlukan strategi pengendalian yang lebih komprehensif, termasuk penguatan skrining, peningkatan kepatuhan pengobatan, dan pengembangan metode diagnostik yang lebih canggih. Tuberkulosis (TB) dan Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah dua penyakit infeksi yang saling berkaitan dan menjadi masalah kesehatan global. Pasien HIV memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengembangkan TB aktif, baik TB sensitif obat (TB-SO) maupun TB resistan obat (TB-RO), karena lemahnya sistem imun.
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