Studi Literatur: Faktor Risiko Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis pada Anak

Muthia Rakha Yasyfa; Fajar Awalia Yulianto; Raden Ganang Ibnusantosa

doi:10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.16404

Muthia Rakha Yasyfa Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia.
Fajar Awalia Yulianto Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung
Raden Ganang Ibnusantosa Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsms.v5i1.16404

Keywords: Tuberkulosis, MDR-TB, Anak

Abstract

Abstract. Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and poses a significant global health issue. This study aims to explore the incidence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in children, as well as the risk factors contributing to its prevalence. The methodology employed is a literature review, with data collection conducted through library searches via EBSCOhost and manual web searches using the search keywords “multidrug-resistant” AND “children” to obtain articles containing both keywords, and “multidrug-resistant” OR “MDR-TB” to broaden the search scope. The combination of AND and OR operators was utilized to obtain the most desired articles with the search keywords (multidrug-resistant OR MDR) AND (children OR pediatric). The articles central to this research were sourced from the WHO Global Report 2023, CDC, EBSCO, Elsevier, Lancet, and PubMed, totaling twenty seven articles. Results indicate that in 2019, there were over 360,000 cases of MDR-TB globally, with Indonesia ranking fourth in terms of the highest incidence. Significant risk factors include age, previous history of TB, co-infection with other diseases, and close contact with MDR-TB patients. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection and appropriate management to reduce mortality rates from TB in children.

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kejadian Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) pada anak, serta faktor risiko yang berkontribusi terhadap prevalensinya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan penelusuran pustaka melalui EBSCOhost dan web pencarian secara manual dengan kata kunci pencarian “multidrug-resistant” AND “children” untuk mendapatkan artikel dengan kedua kata kunci tersebut dan kata kunci “multidrug-resistant” OR “MDR-TB” untuk memperluas cakupan pencarian. Penggabungan operator AND dan OR digunakan untuk mendapatkan artikel yang paling diinginkan dengan kata kunci pencarian (multidrug-resistant OR MDR) AND (children OR pediatric). Artikel yang dimuat sebagai pustaka dalam penelitian ini didapat dari laman WHO Global Report 2023, CDC, EBSCO, Elsevier, Lancet, dan PubMed dengan jumlah dua puluh tujuh artikel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2019, terdapat lebih dari 360.000 kasus MDR-TB secara global, dengan Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-4 dalam insidensi tertinggi. Faktor risiko signifikan meliputi usia, riwayat TB sebelumnya, koinfeksi dengan penyakit lain, dan kontak dekat dengan pasien MDR-TB. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya deteksi dini dan penanganan yang tepat untuk mengurangi angka kematian akibat TB pada anak.

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