Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Analgesik pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Berdasarkan Stadium Kanker dan Intensitas Nyeri di Cancer Center RSUD Al Ihsan Periode Tahun 2023
Abstract
Abstract. Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women and symptoms include tumours and pain in the breast or axillary area. WHO issued analgesic ladder guidelines for cancer pain management based on the intensity of pain experienced by patients according to the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) measurement. This study aims to look at the description of the use of analgesic drugs based on disease stage and pain intensity in breast cancer patients hospitalised at Al Ihsan Hospital in 2023. This research is a descriptive study with secondary data obtained from patient medical records with a total sample size of 174. The results showed that the characteristics of patients with breast cancer at Al Ihsan Hospital in 2023 were in the age range of 36 - 63 years (83.7%). Among the 129 patients, stage II breast cancer was the most prevalent, accounting for 54.3% of cases, and the most common pain complaint reported was mild pain intensity (60.9%). The most frequently used class of analgesic drugs was non-opioid analgesics (94.6%), with ketorolac being the most commonly prescribed analgesic (80.6%). The results of the study indicate that the most prescribed analgesic drugs for breast cancer patients at stages I-IV are non-opioid analgesics. The highest number of non-opioid prescriptions was observed in stage II breast cancer patients, totaling 68 individuals (55.73%). Similarly, the majority of breast cancer patients with mild to moderate pain intensity were predominantly prescribed non-opioid analgesics, with the highest number of prescriptions being for patients with mild pain intensity, totaling 100 individuals (81.96%). The results of this study indicate that the use of non-opioid analgesics dominates in pain management in breast cancer patients, in line with WHO guidelines. This study provides data that can be used as a basis for improving cancer pain management at Al Ihsan Hospital.
Abstrak. Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang paling banyak terjadi pada wanita dan gejalanya meliputi tumor dan nyeri di area payudara atau aksila. WHO mengeluarkan pedoman analgesic ladder untuk manajemen nyeri kanker berdasarkan intensitas nyeri yang dialami pasien sesuai dengan pengukuran skala Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran penggunaan obat analgesik berdasarkan stadium penyakit dan intensitas nyeri pada pasien kanker payudara yang dirawat inap di RSUD Al Ihsan pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien dengan jumlah total sampel adalah 174. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakterisik pasien penderita kanker payudara di RSUD Al Ihsan tahun 2023 berada pada rentang usia 36 – 63 tahun (83,7%). Dari 129 pasien, ditemukan stadium kanker payudara yang paling banyak adalah stadium II (54,3%) dan keluhan nyeri paling banyak yang dialami oleh pasien adalah nyeri dengan intensitas ringan (60,9%). Golongan obat analgesik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah golongan non-opioid (94,6%) dan jenis obat analgesik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ketorolak (80,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa golongan obat analgesik yang paling banyak diberikan pada pasien kanker payudara pada stadium I-IV adalah golongan non-opioid, dengan jumlah pemberian golongan non-opioid terbanyak pada pasien kanker payudara stadium II yaitu sebanyak 68 orang (55,73%). Sebagian besar pasien kanker payudara dengan intensitas nyeri ringan maupun sedang juga paling banyak diberikan obat analgesik golongan non-opioid, dengan jumlah pemberian golongan non-opioid terbanyak pada pasien dengan intensitas nyeri ringan yaitu sebanyak 100 orang (81,96%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan analgesik non-opioid mendominasi dalam penanganan nyeri pada pasien kanker payudara, sejalan dengan pedoman WHO. Penelitian ini menyediakan data yang dapat menjadi dasar dalam meningkatkan manajemen nyeri kanker di RSUD Al Ihsan.
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