Gambaran Riwayat Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah dan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada Balita Stunting Usia 24-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pamanukan
Abstract
Abstract. Stunting is a linear growth disorder in children aged 0–59 months. Pamukanukan District is ranked 1st in Subang Regency which has the highest prevalence of stunting, namely 19.7%. Children aged 24–59 months are vulnerable to experiencing nutritional problems. Main determinant factors for stunting are a history of low birth weight (LBW) and a history of exclusive breastfeeding practices. This study aims to determine the description of LBW and the history of exclusive breastfeeding in stunted toddlers aged 24–59 months at the Pamukanukan District Health Center, Subang Regency. Method in this research is observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. Subjects in this study were 100 stunted children. The independent variables in this study were history of LBW and history of exclusive breastfeeding. Dependent variable in this research is stunting classification (short and very short). To see a picture of the history of low birth weight babies and the history of exclusive breastfeeding in stunted toddlers, data analysis used descriptive frequency analysis. The results of this study were that the majority of respondents had normal birth weight (90%) and had a history of exclusive breastfeeding (90%). The majority of respondents are stunted toddlers in the stunted category (64%). Exclusive breastfeeding and a history of LBW are not the only factors that cause stunting. The determinants of stunting are multifactorial, such as the child's health history, socioeconomic status, family food security, knowledge and attitudes of caregivers, environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and balanced nutritional intake.
Abstrak. Stunting adalah gangguan pertumbunam liner pada anak usia 0–59 bulan. Kecamatan Pamanukan menempati peringkat ke-1 di Kabupaten Subang yang memiliki prevalensi stunting paling tinggi, yaitu sebanyak 19,7%. Anak usia 24–59 bulan merupakan usia yang rentan mengalami masalah gizi. Faktor determinan utama stunting, yaitu riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) dan riwayat praktik ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran BBLR dan riwayat ASI eksklusif pada balita stunting usia 24–59 bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pamanukan, Kabupaten Subang. Metode pada penelitian ini, yaitu analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang anak stunting. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini, yaitu riwayat BBLR dan riwayat ASI eksklusif. Variabel terikat pada penlitian ini, yaitu klasifikasi stunting (pendek dan sangat pendek). Untuk melihat gambaran riwayat bayi berat lahir rendah dan riwayat ASI Eklusif pada balita stunting analisis data menggunakan analisa deskriptif frekuensi. Hasil pada penelitian ini, yaitu mayoritas responden memiliki berat badan lahir kategori normal (90%) serta memiliki riwayat ASI Eksklusif (90%). Mayoritas responden merupakan balita stunting dalam kategori stunted (64%). Pemberian ASI eksklusif dan riwayat BBLR bukan faktor tunggal yang menyebabkan stunting. Faktor determinan stunting bersifat multifaktorial, seperti riwayat kesehatan anak, status sosioekonomi, ketahanan pangan keluarga, pengetahuan dan sikap pengasuh, sanitasi lingkungan, higienitas personal, dan asupan gizi yang seimbang.
References
A. Daracantika, A. Ainin, and B. Besral, “Pengaruh Negatif Stunting terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak,” Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 113, 2021, doi: 10.51181/bikfokes.v1i2.4647.
WHO, “Interpretation Guide Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLIS),” 2010.
A. Aditianti, I. Raswanti, S. Sudikno, D. Izwardy, and S. E. Irianto, “Prevalensi Dan Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Balita 24-59 Bulan Di Indonesia: Analisis Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 (Prevalence and Stunting Risk Factors in Children 24-59 Months in Indonesia: Analysis of Basic Health Research Data 2018),” Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 51–64, 2021, doi: 10.22435/pgm.v43i2.3862.
UNICEF-WHO, “Levels and trends in child malnutrition,” 2018.
Riskesdas, “Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018,” 2019.
Dinkes Kabupaten Subang, “Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Subang,” Kabupaten Subang, 2021.
M. Trisiswati, D. Mardhiyah, and S. Maulidya Sari, “Hubungan Riwayat Bblr (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) Dengan Kejadian Stunting Di Kabupaten Pandeglang,” Majalah Sainstekes, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 061–070, 2021, doi: 10.33476/ms.v8i2.2096.
S. A. S. Mahayana, E. Chundrayetti, and Y. Yulistini, “Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang,” Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 664–673, 2015, doi: 10.25077/jka.v4i3.345.
I. A. Ibrahim and R. Faramita, “Hubungan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga dengan Kejadian Stunting Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah KErja Puskessmas Barombong Kota MAkassar Tahun 2014,” Al-Sihah : Public Health Science Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 63–75, 2015.
Bestari Yuniah, Yudi Feriandi, and Fajar Awalia Yulianto, “Proporsi Konsumsi Junk Food dan Status Gizi Berlebih di Mahasiswa Kedokteran,” Jurnal Riset Kedokteran, pp. 69–74, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.29313/jrk.v3i2.2878.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, “Warta kesmas cegah stunting itu penting.”
R. P. Restiana and T. F. Fadilah, “Relationship Between Early Marriage and Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 24-59 Months,” Proceedings of the 3rd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2021 (BIS-HSS 2021), no. November 2019, pp. 924–929, 2023, doi: 10.2991/978-2-494069-49-7_156.
L. Abera, T. Dejene, and T. Laelago, “Magnitude of stunting and its determinants in children aged 6-59 months among rural residents of Damot Gale district; Southern Ethiopia,” BMC Research Notes, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3666-1.
Z. Dewana, T. Fikadu, W. Facha, and N. Mekonnen, “Prevalence and Predictors of Stunting among Children of Age between 24 to 59 Months in Butajira Town and Surrounding District, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia,” Health Science Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, 2017, doi: 10.21767/1791-809x.1000518.
Kementerian Republik Indonesia, Buku saku hasil studi status gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022. 2022.
K. M. Z. Arifin, “‘EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH PAMANUKAN (Studi Kasus Pada Puskesmas Pamanukan),’” The World of Public Administration Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 35–44, 2022, doi: 10.37950/wpaj.v4i1.1344.
S. H. Quamme and P. O. Iversen, “Prevalence of child stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa and its risk factors,” Clinical Nutrition Open Science, vol. 42, no. 2022, pp. 49–61, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.01.009.
Nkhoma, “Determinants of stunting among children < 5 years of age: Evidence from 2018-2019 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey,” pp. 2018–2019, 2021.
Y. Kang and J. Kim, “Risk factors for undernutrition among children 0–59 months of age in Myanmar,” Maternal and Child Nutrition, vol. 15, no. 4, 2019, doi: 10.1111/mcn.12821.
A. L. Thompson, “Greater male vulnerability to stunting? Evaluating sex differences in growth, pathways and biocultural mechanisms,” Annals of Human Biology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 466–473, 2021, doi: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1998622.
L. Chirande et al., “Determinants of stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in Tanzania: Evidence from the 2010 cross-sectional household survey,” BMC Pediatrics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0482-9.
Zahra Kamila Fauziyyah, Zulmansyah, and Dony Septriana Rosady, “Coping Strategy, Tingkat Kecemasan Sosial, dan Remaja Pengguna Media Sosial,” Jurnal Riset Kedokteran, pp. 91–96, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.29313/jrk.v3i2.2958.
F. Mauluddina et al., “THE FACTORS RELATED TO STUNTING IN TODDLERS AGED 24-59 MONTHS IN BERASANG VILLAGE , KISAM TINGGI DISTRICT , OKU SELATAN IN 2020,” journal International Conference of Midwifery, p. 35, 2020.
H. Rani, Moch. Yunus, S. Katmawanti, and H. E. Wardani, “Systematic Literature Review Determinan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia,” Sport Science and Health, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 376–394, 2022, doi: 10.17977/um062v4i42022p376-394.
R. S. Putra Pratama, M. S. Dasuki, T. Agustina, and S. Soekiswati, “ASI Eksklusif Sebagai Faktor Protektif Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 24-59 Bulan,” Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 262–270, 2022, doi: 10.35816/jiskh.v11i1.748.
Y. Wardita, E. Suprayitno, and E. M. Kurniyati, “Determinan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita,” Journal Of Health Science (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2021, doi: 10.24929/jik.v6i1.1347.
E. Fitriami and T. Huriah, “Determinan kejadian Stunting pada Anak di Indonesia : A Literature Review,” Jurnal Smart Keperawatan, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 113, 2019, doi: 10.34310/jskp.v6i2.190.
A. Nadianti, U. 1, D. Hikmawati, and M. Y. Andarini, “Gambaran Kejadian Acne Vulgaris Berdasarkan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya pada Siswa dan Siswi Kelas XII SMAN 6 Bandung Periode Mei-Juni Tahun 2023,” 2023. (Online). Available: https://journal.sbpublisher.com/index.php/pharmacomedic
