Analisis Penyalahgunaan Zat sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Gangguan Bipolar pada Orang Dewasa
Abstract
Abstract. Bipolar disorder is an emotional disorder with recurrent episodes of mood swings and depression, followed by changes in activity or energy and associated with characteristic cognitive, physical, and behavioral symptoms. Age, genetics, psychology, environment, and substance and alcohol abuse are risk factors for bipolar disorder. This study aimed to explore and analyze articles regarding substance abuse as a risk factor for bipolar disorder in adults. This research uses the Systematic Review method to identify and analyze articles regarding substance abuse as a risk factor for bipolar disorder in adults. The databases used were Pubmed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Taylor and Francis, the PRISMA diagram method was used in this research. The PICOS suitability used in this study is Population (adults), Exposure (substance abuse (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine)), Comparison (control group or group that does not abuse substances), Outcome (incidence of bipolar disorder, manic episodes, depressive episodes, or mixed episode), Study (observational (cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional)), and critical review were carried out using the JBI checklist. From 5 databases, 5,493 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria and after conducting a feasibility test, 5 articles were suitable. Based on the results of the analysis, 4 articles state that substance abuse is a risk factor for bipolar disorder in adults. Marijuana and alcohol abuse are the substances that are most often risk factors for bipolar disorder in adults, and marijuana abuse carries a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder than abuse of other substances. Substance abuse influences the age at which manic, depressive and psychotic symptoms first appear.
Abstrak. Gangguan bipolar adalah gangguan emosi dengan episode berulang pada perubahan suasana hati dan depresi, yang diikuti dengan adanya perubahan aktivitas atau energi dan berhubungan dengan karakteristik gejala kognitif, fisik, dan perilaku. Usia, genetik, psikologis, lingkungan, penyalahgunaan zat dan alkohol merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan bipolar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis artikel mengenai penyalahgunaan zat sebagai faktor risiko gangguan bipolar pada orang dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Review untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis artikel mengenai penyalahgunaan zat sebagai faktor risiko kejadian gangguan bipolar pada orang dewasa. Database yang digunakan Pubmed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect dan Taylor and Francis, metode diagram PRISMA digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Kesesuaian PICOS yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Population (orang dewasa), Exposure (penyalahgunaan zat (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine)), Comparison (kelompok kontrol atau kelompok yang tidak menyalahgunakan zat), Outcome (kejadian bipolar disorder, manic episode, depressive episode, atau mixed episode), Study (observational (cohort, case-control, atau cross-sectional)), dan telaah kritis dilakukan menggunakan checklist JBI. Dari 5 database didapatkan 5.493 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan setelah dilakukan uji kelayakan terdapat 5 artikel yang sesuai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat 4 artikel yang menyatakan bahwa penyalahgunaan zat merupakan faktor risiko kejadian gangguan bipolar pada orang dewasa. Penyalahgunaan ganja dan alkohol merupakan zat yang paling sering menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya gangguan bipolar pada orang dewasa, dan penyalahgunaan ganja beresiko lebih tinggi untuk berkembang menjadi gangguan bipolar dibanding dengan penyalahgunaan zat lain. Penyalahgunaan zat memengaruhi usia pertama kali timbulnya gejala manik, depresif dan psikosis yang timbul.
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