Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Kecamatan Padalarang Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Abstract
Abstract. A baby's birth weight is the first weight recorded after birth, ideally measured in the first hours after birth. Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a birth weight of less than 2500 grams or 5.5 pounds. Low birth weight is a risk factor for stunting. Stunting is a growth and development disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition. Children are said to be stunted if their height at their age is less than -2 standard deviations on the WHO child growth curve. The percentage of stunted toddlers in West Bandung Regency in 2021 will reach 11.85%. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between low birth weight and stunting. The research was conducted at the Padalarang District Health Center, West Bandung Regency in 2023. This research was an analytical observational study using the case-control method. The variables in this study are birth weight as the independent variable and stunting as the dependent variable. The number of research subjects was 118 children under five which were determined using the purposive sampling method. This research shows that the majority of children under five in Padalarang District, West Bandung, are girls (55.1%) with the majority aged 24 to 60 months. The results of research on children under five in Padalarang District, West Bandung showed that more children with LBW experienced stunting than those without stunting (7.6%:2.5%). The results of this study show that there is a relationship (p-value < 0.05) between low birth weight and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Padalarang District, West Bandung. Insufficient energy intake in babies affects the baby's growth and development, making it a risk factor for stunting.
Abstrak. Berat lahir bayi merupakan berat badan pertama yang dicatat setelah lahir, idealnya diukur dalam jam-jam pertama setelah lahir. Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah berat lahir yang kurang dari 2500 gram atau 5,5 pon. Berat badan lahir rendah merupakan faktor risiko dari stunting. Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang dialami anak karena gizi buruk. Anak-anak disebut stunting apabila tinggi badan pada usianya kurang dari -2 standar deviasi pada kurva pertumbuhan anak WHO. Persentase balita stunting di Kabupaten Bandung Barat pada tahun 2021 mencapai angka 11,85%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan berat badan lahir rendah dengan stunting. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode case control. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah berat badan lahir sebagai variabel bebas dan stunting sebagai variabel terikat. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 118 orang anak balita yang ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas anak balita di Kecamatan Padalarang, Bandung Barat, perempuan (55.1%) dengan sebagian besar berusia 24 sampai 60 bulan. Hasil penelitian pada anak balita di Kecamatan Padalarang, Bandung Barat menunjukkan bahwa balita dengan BBLR lebih banyak yang mengalami stunting dari pada tidak stunting (7.6%:2.5%). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan (p-value < 0,05) antara berat badan lahir rendah dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Kecamatan Padalarang Bandung Barat. Asupan energi yang tidak memenuhi pada bayi mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang bayi sehingga menjadi salah satu faktor risiko stunting.
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