Hubungan Faktor Risiko Stroke dan Hipertensi terhadap Kejadian Demensia Vaskular
Abstract
Abstract. WHO states that 55 million people suffering from dementia due to the increasing number of elderly people. In Bandung, 35.3% of elderly people suffering from dementia. In a journal published by the AHA it is stated that 7-40% of stroke incidents which can result in vascular dementia. Meanwhile, in another study, it was explained around 39.1% of dementia patients suffered from hypertension. The subjects in this study were 328 data from medical records of dementia patients at Al-Ihsan Hospital in 2020-2022 which were taken using the total sampling method. This research was analytical observational cross sectional using the chi-square method. The research data processing was carried out using univariate and bivariate analysis. This research shows that vascular dementia cases account for 67.4% of all dementia cases, most widely gender was male (61.5%) and the most age was 60-64 years (23.5%). Regarding the relationship between stroke and the incidence of vascular dementia, the result was p=0.205 and odds ratio=1,352. Meanwhile, the relationship between hypertension and the incidence of vascular dementia was found to be p=0.022 and odds ratio=0,461.It was concluded there was no relationship between stroke risk factors and the incidence of vascular dementia and there was a relationship between hypertension risk factors and the incidence of vascular dementia. Modifiable risk factors, namely stroke and hypertension, only contribute to some of the risk factors for vascular dementia. Other risk factors such as education, lifestyle, duration of disease and others are needed to get better results.
Abstrak. WHO menyebutkan terdapat 55 juta orang menderita demensia disebabkan oleh peningkatan jumlah lansia. Di Indonesia, terjadi peningkatan jumlah lansia yang signifikan. Di kota Bandung terdapat 35,3% lansia yang menderita demensia. Selain usia, jenis kelamin, dan faktor risiko vaskular menjadi aspek karakteristik pasien yang dapat meningkatkan angka kejadian demensia. Pada jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh AHA menyebutkan terdapat 7-40% kejadian stroke yang dapat berakibat pada kejadian demensia vaskular. Sedangkan pada penelitian lain dijelaskan bahwa sekitar 39,1% pasien demensia menderita hipertensi. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 328 data rekam medis pasien demensia di RSUD Al-Ihsan tahun 2020-2022 yang diambil menggunakan metode total sampel. Penelitian ini berbentuk observasional analitik cross sectional dengan menggunakan metode chi-square. Pengolahan data penelitian dilakukan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Penelitian ini menunjukan pada kasus demensia vaskular mencapai 67,4% dari seluruh kejadian demensia. Dari data tersebut, jenis kelamin terbanyak pada pria (61,5%) dan usia terbanyak pada 60-64 tahun (23,5%). Pada hubungan faktor risiko stroke terhadap kejadian demensia vaskular didapatkan hasil p=0,205 dan odds ratio=1,352. Sedangkan, hubungan faktor risiko hipertensi terhadap kejadian demensia vaskular didapatkan hasil p=0,022 dan odds ratio=0,461. Disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan faktor risiko stroke terhadap kejadian demensia vaskular dan terdapat hubungan faktor risiko hipertensi terhadap kejadian demensia vaskular. Faktor risiko modifiable yaitu stroke dan hipertensi hanya menyumbang sebagian faktor risiko demensia vaskular. Faktor risiko lain seperti pendidikan, gaya hidup, durasi penyakit dan lainnya dibutuhkan untuk mendapat hasil yang lebih maksimal.
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