Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Ilmenit (FeTiO3) Sisa Hasil Pengolahan Timah di Bangka Belitung Melalui Proses Leaching Menggunakan Asam Sulfat (H2SO4) untuk Aplikasi Glasir Keramik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsme.v6i2.24496Keywords:
Ilmenit, Leaching, Glasir KeramikAbstract
Abstract. Ilmenite (FeTiO₃), a byproduct of tin processing in Bangka Belitung, is a by-product mineral with the potential to be used as a source of titanium for ceramic glaze raw materials; however, its high iron content limits its utilization. This study aims to improve the quality of ilmenite through a leaching process using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and to evaluate the potential of the resulting residue as an additive for ceramic glazes. The study began with sample preparation, followed by a leaching process using H₂SO₄ solutions at varying concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Samples before and after leaching were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while changes in mineral phase and morphology were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that H₂SO₄ concentration influenced the decrease in Fe₂O₃ content and the increase in relative TiO₂ content. The optimal conditions were achieved at a 20% H₂SO₄ concentration, which reduced the Fe₂O₃ content from 38.95% to 30.25% and increased the TiO₂ content from 48.08% to 49.35%. XRD analysis showed that the ilmenite phase remained dominant after leaching, while SEM revealed changes in surface morphology due to the partial dissolution of iron. The leaching residue produced a more homogeneous brown glaze on the stoneware body compared to porcelain. These results indicate that ilmenite residues from the leaching process have the potential to be used as an alternative raw material for ceramic glazes while also increasing the added value of by-products from tin processing.
Abstrak. Ilmenit (FeTiO₃) sisa hasil pengolahan timah di Bangka Belitung merupakan mineral ikutan yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber titanium untuk bahan baku glasir keramik, namun kandungan besi yang masih tinggi membatasi pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas ilmenit melalui proses leaching menggunakan asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) serta mengevaluasi potensi residunya sebagai bahan tambahan glasir keramik. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi sampel, kemudian dilakukan proses leaching menggunakan larutan H₂SO₄ dengan variasi konsentrasi 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Sampel sebelum dan sesudah leaching dikarakterisasi menggunakan X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), sedangkan perubahan fase mineral dan morfologi dianalisis menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi H₂SO₄ mempengaruhi penurunan kadar Fe₂O₃ dan peningkatan kadar relatif TiO₂. Kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi H₂SO₄ 20%, yang menurunkan kadar Fe₂O₃ dari 38,95% menjadi 30,25% dan meningkatkan kadar TiO₂ dari 48,08% menjadi 49,35%. Analisis XRD menunjukkan bahwa fase ilmenit tetap dominan setelah leaching, sedangkan SEM memperlihatkan perubahan morfologi permukaan akibat pelarutan sebagian besi. Residu hasil leaching menghasilkan glasir berwarna coklat yang lebih homogen pada body stoneware dibandingkan porselen. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa residu ilmenit hasil leaching berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku alternatif glasir keramik sekaligus meningkatkan nilai tambah mineral ikutan hasil pengolahan timah.
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