Evaluasi dan Perencanaan Sistem Sprinkler untuk Pengendalian Debu di Jalan Tambang Batubara PT AMM Jobsite PIK

Abstract

Abstract. Coal haulage activities on mine roads generate airborne dust that reduces visibility, increases accident risk, and poses health hazards to workers. PT Antareja Mahada Makmur (AMM) Jobsite Perkasa Inakakerta (PIK) currently controls dust using water trucks and a fixed sprinkler system; however, the existing sprinkler installation on Lavatori Road has not achieved the required spray coverage for effective dust suppression. This study aimed to determine the hydraulic requirements of the sprinkler system, evaluate the performance of the existing installation on Lavatori Road, assess road surface suitability using the Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI), and develop a sprinkler system design for Sabang Road. Field data included pipeline, pump, and sprinkler specifications, road geometry, elevation, road surface condition, and measured spray throw. Hydraulic analyses were conducted to determine flow rate, head losses, total dynamic head, and pump requirements, while road conditions were evaluated using the URCI method. The existing system on Lavatori Road required a flow rate of 1.653 m³/min and a total dynamic head of 181.73 m, whereas the installed pump provided a maximum head of only 24 m, resulting in inadequate system performance. Following the design evaluation, the required total dynamic head was reduced to 55.60 m with a flow rate of 1.087 m³/min. The proposed sprinkler system for Sabang Road required a flow rate of 0.977 m³/min and a maximum total dynamic head of 36.12 m. URCI values of 83 and 74 for Lavatori Road and 76 and 70 for Sabang Road indicate that all road sections are in very good condition and are suitable for sprinkler installation. These findings demonstrate that effective dust control can be achieved through appropriate optimization of pipe diameter, nozzle diameter, sprinkler quantity and spacing, and pump specifications.

Abstrak. Aktivitas pengangkutan batubara pada jalan tambang menghasilkan debu yang menurunkan jarak pandang, meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan, dan berdampak pada kesehatan pekerja. PT Antareja Mahada Makmur (AMM) Jobsite Perkasa Inakakerta (PIK) telah menerapkan pengendalian debu menggunakan water truck dan sistem sprinkler, namun kinerja sprinkler di Jalan Lavatori belum optimal karena jarak pancar aktual belum memenuhi kebutuhan penyiraman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung kebutuhan hidrolik sistem sprinkler, mengevaluasi kinerja aktual di Jalan Lavatori, menganalisis kelayakan kondisi permukaan jalan menggunakan metode Unsurfaced Road Condition Index (URCI), serta merencanakan sistem sprinkler di Jalan Sabang. Data lapangan meliputi pipa, pompa, sprinkler, elevasi, geometri dan kondisi permukaan jalan, serta jarak pancar aktual, yang dianalisis melalui perhitungan debit, kehilangan energi, total head, dan kebutuhan pompa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem aktual di Jalan Lavatori memerlukan debit 1,653 m³/menit dan total head 181,73 m, sedangkan kapasitas head pompa hanya 24 m sehingga sistem belum bekerja optimal. Setelah evaluasi desain, kebutuhan total head berkurang menjadi 55,60 m dengan debit 1,087 m³/menit. Perencanaan di Jalan Sabang menghasilkan debit 0,977 m³/menit dan total head 36,12 m. Nilai URCI Jalan Lavatori (83 dan 74) serta Jalan Sabang (76 dan 70) menunjukkan kondisi jalan sangat baik sehingga sistem sprinkler layak diterapkan dengan penyesuaian diameter pipa, diameter nozzle, jumlah dan jarak sprinkler, serta spesifikasi pompa.