Kajian Geometri Jalan Tambang Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Produksi Pengangkutan Overburden

Abstract

Abstract. PT Bukit Asam Tbk is a coal mining company located in Merapi Barat District,
Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province, operating under a Mining Business License (IUP)
covering approximately 2,861.21 hectares. The company uses a Komatsu PC-2000
excavator and HD-785 dump trucks for overburden removal. However, the production
target has not been achieved due to haul road geometry that does not fully comply with
Kepmen No. 1827/K/30/MEM/2018 and AASHTO standards. This study evaluates haul road
geometry and its influence on equipment productivity. The evaluated parameters include
road width on straight and curved sections, road grade, curve radius, superelevation, cross
slope, and rimpull. Primary and secondary data were analyzed and compared with the
applicable standards. The results show that straight road widths range from 18.25–39.88 m
and curved road widths from 22.23–42.42 m. Road grades vary between 0.36% and 17.61%,
requiring improvement on one segment exceeding the 12% standard, while superelevation
values of 0–4.65% were improved through simulation. Before improvement, loading and
hauling productivity were 551.08 BCM/h and 550.58 BCM/h, respectively, below the 600
BCM/h target. After improving the haul road geometry, productivity increased to 711.49
BCM/h and 638.08 BCM/h, while hauling cycle time decreased from 18.11 to 16.51 minutes,
contributing to improved operational performance and achievement of the production
target.

Abstrak. PT Bukit Asam Tbk merupakan perusahaan pertambangan batubara yang
berlokasi di Kecamatan Merapi Barat, Kabupaten Lahat, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, dengan
luas Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) sekitar 2.861,21 hektare. Dalam kegiatan pengupasan
overburden, perusahaan menggunakan excavator Komatsu PC-2000 sebagai alat muat dan
dump truck HD-785 sebagai alat angkut. Namun, target produksi belum tercapai karena
geometri jalan angkut belum sepenuhnya memenuhi standar Kepmen No.
1827/K/30/MEM/2018 dan AASHTO. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi geometri jalan
angkut dan menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas alat muat dan alat angkut.
Parameter yang dikaji meliputi lebar jalan lurus, lebar jalan tikungan, grade jalan, jari-jari
tikungan, superelevasi, cross slope, dan rimpull. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebar
jalan lurus berkisar 18,25–39,88 m, lebar jalan tikungan 22,23–42,42 m, dan grade jalan
0,36–17,61%, sehingga diperlukan perbaikan pada satu segmen yang melebihi batas
maksimum 12%. Nilai superelevasi sebesar 0–4,65% juga ditingkatkan melalui simulasi.
Setelah perbaikan geometri jalan, produktivitas alat muat meningkat dari 551,08 menjadi
711,49 BCM/jam dan alat angkut dari 550,58 menjadi 638,08 BCM/jam. Peningkatan
tersebut dipengaruhi oleh penurunan cycle time alat angkut dari 18,11 menit menjadi 16,51
menit sehingga target produksi perusahaan dapat tercapai.