Tanggung Jawab Perdata Direksi PT Antam terhadap Penjualan Emas Ilegal oleh Oknum Karyawan

Abstract

Abstract. The principle of responsibility is a manifestation of business actors' compliance with applicable regulations, such as the Permen BUMN, UUPT, UU BUMN, and UU MINERBA. In this case, the board of directors plays an important role in carrying out management based on the principles of prudence and good faith, otherwise, they may face unlimited personal liability. In reality, the case of illegal gold sales of 109 tons involving the misuse of PT Antam's original brand stamp by former employees in the 2010-2022 period was revealed. This case reflects a failure in implementing the principles of transparency, accountability, and internal supervision that should be strict, resulting in losses estimated at Rp 3.3 trillion and damaging public and investor trust. The research method used is normative juridical with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature studies of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results show that PT Antam has formally implemented the responsibility principle through Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) and Good Mining Practice. However, there were operational vulnerabilities in the internal control of brand stamps. In civil law, the directors cannot be held personally liable because they acted in good faith and utilized supervision systems like E-MAS. Based on the Business Judgment Rule and Article 97 paragraph 5 of the Limited Liability Company Law, the losses cannot be attributed to the directors as long as they performed their duties without conflict of interest, thus the Piercing the Corporate Veil doctrine does not apply.

Abstrak. Prinsip responsibility merupakan wujud dari ketaatan pelaku usaha terhadap regulasi yang berlaku, seperti Permen BUMN, UUPT, UU BUMN, dan UU MINERBA. Dalam hal ini, direksi berperan penting untuk menjalankan kepengurusan berdasarkan prinsip kehati-hatian dan itikad baik, apabila terdapat kesalahan maka direksi dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban tidak terbatas. Dalam kenyataannya terungkap kasus penjualan emas ilegal seberat 109 ton yang melibatkan penyalahgunaan stempel merek asli PT Antam oleh oknum mantan karyawan pada periode 2010-2022. Kasus ini mencerminkan kegagalan dalam penerapan prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan pengawasan internal yang seharusnya ketat, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian yang diperkirakan mencapai Rp 3,3 triliun serta merusak kepercayaan publik dan investor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan prinsip responsibility serta tanggung jawab perdata direksi berdasarkan Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Antam secara formal telah menerapkan prinsip responsibility melalui Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan (TJSL) serta Good Mining Practice. Namun, terdapat kerentanan operasional pada pengawasan internal stempel merek. Secara perdata, direksi tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pribadi (personal liability) karena telah beritikad baik dan menjalankan sistem pengawasan seperti E-MAS. Berdasarkan doktrin Business Judgment Rule dan Pasal 97 ayat 5 UUPT, kerugian tersebut tidak dapat diatribusikan kepada direksi selama tugas dijalankan tanpa benturan kepentingan, sehingga doktrin Piercing the Corporate Veil tidak dapat diterapkan.