Perlindungan dan Upaya Hukum Bagi Konsumen yang Dirugikan Dalam Pengisian Bahan Bakar Minyak di SPBU Kabupaten Bogor Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen

Abstract

Abstract. This study discusses legal protection for consumers who suffer losses due to fuel fraud at gas stations in Bogor Regency, particularly in the form of manipulation of measuring devices/gauges that result in consumers not receiving fuel commensurate with the amount paid. The purpose of this study is to analyze the forms of legal protection based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and to examine the legal measures that consumers can take to obtain compensation for losses, with the scope of the study covering preventive and repressive protection as well as dispute resolution mechanisms, both litigation and non-litigation. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analytical nature, using primary data through observation and interviews as well as secondary data through literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation. The results of the study show that preventive protection can be carried out through supervision, recalibration of measuring instruments, the obligation of business actors to provide accurate information, and consumer education, while repressive protection is carried out through the imposition of sanctions and compensation to consumers who have suffered losses. Consumer legal remedies can be pursued through litigation (civil lawsuits and class actions) or non-litigation (negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and BPSK). In conclusion, although regulations have stipulated consumer rights and business operator obligations, the implementation of legal protection in the practice of fuel filling still needs to be strengthened through more effective supervision and law enforcement so that consumer rights can be optimally protected.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen yang dirugikan akibat kecurangan pengisian Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di SPBU Kabupaten Bogor, khususnya dalam bentuk manipulasi takaran/alat ukur yang menyebabkan konsumen tidak memperoleh BBM sesuai dengan nilai pembayaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen serta mengkaji upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh konsumen untuk memperoleh pemulihan kerugian, dengan ruang lingkup kajian mencakup perlindungan preventif dan represif serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa baik litigasi maupun non-litigasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif analitis, menggunakan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara serta data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui penafsiran hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan preventif dapat dilakukan melalui pengawasan, tera ulang alat ukur, kewajiban pelaku usaha memberikan informasi yang benar, dan edukasi konsumen, sedangkan perlindungan represif dilakukan melalui pemberian sanksi serta ganti rugi kepada konsumen yang dirugikan. Upaya hukum konsumen dapat ditempuh melalui jalur litigasi (gugatan perdata dan gugatan kelompok) maupun non-litigasi (negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi, dan BPSK). Kesimpulannya, meskipun regulasi telah mengatur hak konsumen dan kewajiban pelaku usaha, pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum dalam praktik pengisian BBM masih perlu diperkuat melalui pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang lebih efektif agar hak konsumen dapat terlindungi secara optimal.