Analisis Yuridis terhadap Kepemilikan Hak Cipta Serta implikasi Hukum Dalam Praktik Ghostwriting Skripsi dalam Kerangka Hukum Hak Cipta dan Prinsip Integritas Akademik di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. The practice of ghostwriting, or thesis brokerage, involves anonymous writers producing undergraduate theses based on a student’s order. This triggers legal issues due to the student's unilateral claim over the work without any intellectual contribution. This research aims to analyze the copyright ownership status of ghostwritten theses and its legal implications for student academic integrity. The research method employs a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical specifications. Primary and secondary data were collected through literature studies and interviews, then analyzed qualitatively using deductive reasoning. The results of the analysis indicate that copyright ownership is guaranteed by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, Article 1 paragraph (1), which designates the ghostwriter as the legitimate creator. The legal relationship between the two parties is void by law because it violates the legal requirements of an agreement under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code regarding a lawful cause (causa). This is based on Article 10 paragraph (4) of the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 39 of 2021, which prohibits the acknowledgement of others' work. Consequently, the transfer of economic rights under Article 34 of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright does not occur, and moral rights under Article 5 remain with the ghostwriter. The student's action constitutes a copyright infringement under Article 44 letter a of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Based on the principle of academic integrity in Article 2 paragraph (2), this practice is considered unauthorized authorship according to Article 9 letter d and Article 10 paragraph (4) of the Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 39 of 2021. Administrative sanctions under Article 17 include score reduction up to the revocation of the diploma. Article 25 paragraph (2) of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System also emphasizes the revocation of academic degrees if a thesis is proven to be plagiarized.

Abstrak. Praktik ghostwriting atau joki skripsi merupakan penulis anonim yang menghasilkan karya skripsi atas pesanan mahasiswa. Hal ini memicu masalah hukum karena klaim sepihak mahasiswa atas karya tanpa kontribusi intelektual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis status kepemilikan Hak Cipta skripsi hasil joki dan implikasi hukumnya terhadap integritas akademik mahasiswa. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Data primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pola berpikir deduktif. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan kepemilikan Hak Cipta dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta Pasal 1 ayat (1) yang menetapkan penjoki sebagai pencipta sah. Hubungan hukum keduanya batal demi hukum karena melanggar syarat sah perjanjian Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata terkait causa yang halal. Hal ini didasarkan pada Pasal 10 ayat (4) Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 39 Tahun 2021 yang melarang pengakuan karya orang lain. Akibatnya, pengalihan hak ekonomi pada Pasal 34 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta tidak terjadi, dan hak moral sesuai Pasal 5 tetap pada penjoki. Tindakan mahasiswa merupakan pelanggaran hak cipta menurut Pasal 44 huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Berdasarkan prinsip integritas akademik Pasal 2 ayat (2), praktik ini adalah kepengarangan tidak sah sesuai Pasal 9 huruf d dan Pasal 10 ayat (4) Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 39 Tahun 2021. Sanksi administratif Pasal 17 meliputi pembatalan nilai hingga pembatalan ijazah. Pasal 25 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional turut menegaskan pencabutan gelar jika skripsi terbukti hasil jiplakan.