Analisis Perbedaan Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Banding, dan Kasasi tentang Harta Bersama

Abstract

Abstract. After the occurrence of divorce, the property obtained during the marriage must be divided equally between the husband and wife. However, there are many cases where joint property has not been divided after divorce in accordance with applicable provisions such as in the case of the Purwakarta Religious Court Number 95/PDT. G/2023/PA. PWK. which continues to the cassation level. In this case, the joint property has not been divided after three years of divorce and the Plaintiff filed for the joint property to be divided into 1/2 each. This research aims to find out the legal basis used by judges in considering and deciding a quo cases. In addition, this study will also analyze how to review positive law and Islamic law related to the decision. This study uses a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach with primary data sources, namely the Quran, hadith, and Islamic legal sources, as well as applicable laws and regulations in Indonesia. The secondary data used are the results of interviews with Purwakarta Religious Court judges, books, journals, and other literature related to common property. The results of the study showed that there was a difference between the two court decisions, legal facts showed that the wife sold the assets of the joint property without the husband's permission before the divorce because the husband had left his wife and children to marry in series with another woman, so that there was no birth and mental support for the wife for two years. In the review of Islamic law, the first-instance verdict and cassation have been in accordance with a hadith that the Messenger of Allah allows the wife to take her husband's property without permission when she is not given alimony or because the husband is miserly, and the proceeds from the sale of the assets are also used to meet the living needs of the wife and children while they are left behind.

Abstrak. Banyak kasus dimana harta bersama belum dibagi pasca perceraian sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku seperti dalam perkara Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta Nomor 95/PDT.G/2023/PA.PWK. yang berlanjut sampai tingkat kasasi. Pada perkara tersebut, harta bersama belum dibagi setelah tiga tahun perceraian dan Penggugat mengajukan harta bersama dibagi menjadi masing-masing 1/2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar hukum yang digunakan hakim dalam mempertimbangkan dan memutuskan perkara a quo. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga akan menganalisis bagaimana tinjauan hukum positif dan hukum hukum islam terkait putusan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber data primer yaitu Al-Quran, hadist, dan sumber hukum Islam, serta peraturan undang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Data sekunder yang digunakan adalah hasil wawancara dengan hakim Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta, buku, jurnal, dan literatur lain terkait harta bersama. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbeda’an dua putusan tingkat pengadilan, fakta hukum menunjukan bahwa isteri menjual aset harta bersama tanpa izin suami sebelum terjadinya perceraian karena suami telah meninggalkan isteri dan anak untuk menikah siri dengan perempuan lain, sehingga tidak adanya nafkah lahir dan batin bagi istri selama dua tahun. Dalam tinjauan hukum islam, putusan tingkat pertama dan kasasi telah sesuai dengan sebuah hadist bahwa Rasulallah membolehkan isteri mengambil harta suami tanpa izin ketika tidak diberikan nafkah atau karena suami yang kikir, dan hasil penjualan aset tersebut pun digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup isteri dan anak selama di tinggalkan.