Usulan Perancangan Fasilitas Kerja Pengelasan untuk Menurunkan Risiko Kerja

Abstract

Abstract. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a common occupational risk experienced by operators due to unergonomic and prolonged working postures. This condition occurs at the welding workstation at PT XYZ. The welding process begins with material setup using a crane, followed by manual welding for an effective working time of approximately seven hours. The hunched posture results in an average of fifteen-minute breaks, four times. The FCAW production target of thirteen units was achieved with only eleven units, SMAW with eight units achieved with seven units, and GTAW with five units achieved with four units, resulting in delivery delays and potential company fines. The hunched posture triggers complaints of neck, shoulder, back, waist, and lower leg pain, resulting in an average of sixteen days of operator absence per month. This study aims to analyze the level of operator complaints and work risks and to design ergonomic work facilities. The Nordic Body Map method is used to identify body complaints, while KIM-BF assesses the risk of physical workload. The NBM results show complaints in the neck, shoulders, upper-lower back, elbows, wrists, buttocks/thighs, and knees with scores of six to nine. The KIM-BF results indicate high-risk welding activities, necessitating improvements to work facilities. Proposals include modular welding tables, ergonomic chairs, and anthropometric-based automated welding equipment that can improve posture and significantly reduce operator risk.

Abstrak. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) merupakan risiko kerja yang sering dialami operator akibat postur kerja tidak ergonomis dan berdurasi lama. Kondisi ini terjadi pada stasiun kerja pengelasan di PT XYZ. Proses pengelasan diawali set-up material menggunakan crane, kemudian pengelasan manual selama jam kerja efektif sekitar tujuh jam. Postur membungkuk menyebabkan jeda istirahat tambahan rata-rata lima belas menit sebanyak empat kali. Target produksi FCAW tiga belas unit hanya tercapai sebelas unit, SMAW delapan unit tercapai tujuh unit, dan GTAW lima unit tercapai empat unit sehingga berdampak pada keterlambatan pengiriman dan potensi denda perusahaan. Postur membungkuk memicu keluhan nyeri leher, bahu, punggung, pinggang, hingga tungkai bawah yang menyebabkan ketidakhadiran operator rata-rata enam belas hari per bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat keluhan dan risiko kerja operator serta merancang fasilitas kerja ergonomis. Metode Nordic Body Map digunakan mengidentifikasi keluhan tubuh, sedangkan KIM-BF menilai risiko beban kerja fisik. Hasil NBM menunjukkan keluhan pada leher, bahu, punggung atas–bawah, siku, pergelangan tangan, bokong/paha, dan lutut dengan skor enam sampai sembilan. Hasil KIM-BF menunjukkan aktivitas pengelasan berisiko tinggi sehingga diperlukan perbaikan fasilitas kerja. Usulan berupa meja las modular, kursi ergonomis, dan alat las otomatis berbasis antropometri yang mampu memperbaiki postur dan menurunkan risiko kerja operator secara signifikan.