Pengukuran Kinerja Pembangunan Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2018-2023: Pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcses.v6i2.26059Keywords:
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), technical efisiensi, kapasitas fiskal, kinerja pembangunan wilayahAbstract
Abstract. This study examines the development performance of 27 regencies and cities in West Java Province during 2018–2023 using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The analysis employs panel data consisting of three input variables—Locally Generated Revenue (PAD), Fiscal Balance Funds, and Capital Expenditure—and two output variables, namely GRDP per capita at constant prices and the Human Development Index (HDI). Development performance is measured using the BCC model (Variable Returns to Scale/VRS) with an output-oriented approach. The results indicate that Technical Efficiency (TE) ranged from 82.4 to 100 percent. The lowest efficiency score was recorded by Cianjur Regency (82.4 percent), while six cities—Bandung, Cirebon, Bekasi, Depok, Cimahi, and Banjar—consistently achieved full efficiency throughout the observation period. Potential Improvement analysis shows that Fiscal Balance Funds are the largest source of inefficiency, with an average improvement potential of 51.02 percent, followed by Capital Expenditure at 37.66 percent. In contrast, PAD is relatively close to its optimal level, requiring only 2.32 percent improvement on average. On the output side, GRDP per capita exhibits the largest performance gap, with an average improvement potential of 98.86 percent, compared with 12.97 percent for HDI. These findings suggest that improving development performance in West Java depends more on the effectiveness of fiscal resource utilization than on fiscal capacity itself.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kinerja pembangunan 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat selama periode 2018–2023 dengan menggunakan pendekatan Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data panel yang mencakup tiga variabel input, yaitu Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Perimbangan, dan Belanja Modal, serta dua variabel output, yaitu Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) per kapita atas dasar harga konstan dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Pengukuran kinerja pembangunan dilakukan menggunakan model BCC (Variable Returns to Scale/VRS) dengan orientasi output. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Technical Efficiency (TE) berada pada kisaran 82,4 hingga 100 persen. Tingkat efisiensi terendah dicapai oleh Kabupaten Cianjur dengan nilai 82,4 persen, sedangkan enam kota, yaitu Kota Bandung, Kota Cirebon, Kota Bekasi, Kota Depok, Kota Cimahi, dan Kota Banjar, secara konsisten mencapai tingkat efisiensi sempurna selama periode pengamatan. Analisis Potential Improvement menunjukkan bahwa Dana Perimbangan merupakan sumber inefisiensi terbesar dengan rata-rata potensi perbaikan sebesar 51,02 persen, diikuti oleh Belanja Modal sebesar 37,66 persen. Sebaliknya, PAD relatif mendekati kondisi optimal dengan rata-rata potensi perbaikan hanya sebesar 2,32 persen. Dari sisi output, PDRB per kapita menunjukkan kesenjangan kinerja terbesar dengan rata-rata potensi perbaikan sebesar 98,86 persen, lebih tinggi dibandingkan IPM yang sebesar 12,97 persen. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja pembangunan di Jawa Barat lebih ditentukan oleh efektivitas pemanfaatan sumber daya fiskal daripada besarnya kapasitas fiskal yang dimiliki daerah.
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