Pengaruh Investasi Infrastruktur, Pengeluaran Pemerintah Sektor Pendidikan, Nilai Tambah Manufaktur, dan Tingkat Inflasi terhadap Daya Saing Industri Manufaktur Negara-Negara Asean
Abstract
Abstract. The manufacturing sector in ASEAN countries faces uneven competitiveness despite its strategic role in the region's economy. Various challenges, such as export competitiveness lagging behind non-ASEAN countries, remain prevalent. Therefore, improvements in several aspects, including infrastructure, education, internal industry conditions (value added), and economic factors (inflation control), are necessary. This study aims to analyze the influence of infrastructure investment, government expenditure in the education sector, manufacturing value-added, and inflation on the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in ASEAN for the period 2012–2021. A quantitative approach is used with panel data regression methods. The Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is selected based on the Hausman test. Competitiveness is measured using the Revealed Competitive Advantage (RCA) Index, developed from David Ricardo's Comparative Advantage theory and further refined by Balassa. The study's results show that infrastructure investment, education expenditure, and manufacturing value-added have a significant positive impact on competitiveness, while inflation has a significant negative impact. Simultaneously, these variables explain 78% of the variations in manufacturing competitiveness in ASEAN. Based on these findings, it is essential for ASEAN countries to enhance infrastructure investment, allocate adequate education budgets, develop high-value-added manufacturing, and implement effective inflation control measures.
Abstrak. Sektor manufaktur di negara-negara ASEAN menghadapi ketidakmerataan daya saing meskipun memiliki peran strategis dalam perekonomian kawasan. Berbagai tantangan seperti daya saing ekspor yang masih kalah bersaing dengan negara-negara diluar kawasan ASEAN. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pembenahan diberbagai aspek seperti infrastruktur, pendidikan, kondisi internal industri (value added) dan ekonomi (pengendalian tingkat inflasi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh investasi infrastruktur, pengeluaran pemerintah di sektor pendidikan, nilai tambah manufaktur, dan inflasi terhadap daya saing industri manufaktur di ASEAN periode 2012-2021. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dengan metode regresi data panel. Model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dipilih berdasarkan uji Hausman. Daya saing diukur menggunakan Indeks Daya Saing Revealed Competitive Advantage (RCA) yang dibangun dari teori Comparative Advantage David Ricardo dan dikembangkan oleh Balassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investasi infrastruktur, belanja pendidikan, dan nilai tambah manufaktur berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap daya saing, sedangkan inflasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan. Secara simultan, variabel-variabel tersebut menjelaskan 78% variasi daya saing manufaktur di ASEAN. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka penting bagi negara-negara ASEAN utuk meningkatkan investasi infrastruktur, alokasi anggaran pendidikan yang memadai, pengembangan manufaktur bernilai tambah tinggi, serta pengendalian inflasi yang efektif.
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