Tinjauan Konseptual Stimulasi Bahasa Anak Melalui Interaksi Orang Tua dan Media AI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsecte.v6i2.25031Keywords:
Interaksi orang tua-anak, media digital, kecerdasan buatanAbstract
Abstract. Parent-child interaction during the golden period of language development now takes place amid a digital environment increasingly populated by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, ranging from educational applications and voice assistants to conversational chatbots. This article aims to synthesize prior research findings on how patterns of parent-child interaction intersect with the use of AI-based digital media in stimulating early childhood language development. It uses a narrative literature review approach. Sources were drawn from reputable international journals and accredited national journals published between 2009 and 2025, retrieved through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Frontiers databases, then analyzed thematically through reduction, categorization, and narrative synthesis. The synthesis shows that interaction quality, particularly responsiveness and conversational turn-taking, is a stronger predictor of language development than mere media exposure quantity. AI-based digital media can support language stimulation when used contingently and accompanied by active parental mediation, but risks impeding language development when used solitarily and passively. This review affirms that parental scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development framework remains the primary determinant, so AI technology should be positioned as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, human interaction. The practical implication is the need for digital literacy education for parents and the design of AI applications that encourage joint engagement rather than solitary child use.
Abstrak. Interaksi orang tua dan anak pada masa emas perkembangan bahasa kini berlangsung di tengah lingkungan digital yang semakin dipadati oleh teknologi artificial intelligence (AI), mulai dari aplikasi edukatif, asisten suara, hingga chatbot percakapan. Artikel ini bertujuan menyintesis temuan-temuan penelitian terdahulu mengenai bagaimana pola interaksi orang tua-anak berkaitan dengan penggunaan media digital berbasis AI dalam menstimulasi perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini, menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur naratif (narrative literature review). Sumber yang dikaji berasal dari jurnal internasional bereputasi dan jurnal nasional terakreditasi terbitan tahun 2009-2025, yang dijaring melalui basis data Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, dan Frontiers, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik melalui reduksi, kategorisasi, dan sintesis naratif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas interaksi, khususnya responsivitas dan turn-taking percakapan, menjadi prediktor perkembangan bahasa yang lebih kuat dibanding kuantitas paparan media semata. Media digital berbasis AI berpotensi mendukung stimulasi bahasa apabila digunakan secara kontingen dan didampingi mediasi aktif orang tua, namun berisiko menghambat perkembangan bahasa apabila digunakan secara soliter dan pasif. Kajian ini menegaskan bahwa peran scaffolding orang tua dalam kerangka Zone of Proximal Development tetap menjadi faktor penentu utama, sehingga teknologi AI sebaiknya diposisikan sebagai pelengkap, bukan pengganti, interaksi manusiawi. Implikasi praktisnya adalah perlunya edukasi literasi digital bagi orang tua dan perancangan aplikasi AI yang mendorong keterlibatan bersama (joint engagement) alih-alih penggunaan mandiri oleh anak.
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