Pengaruh Leverage dan Capital Adequacy Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsa.v6i2.24470Keywords:
Leverage, DER, CAR, Profitabilitas, ROA, Bank Umum SyariahAbstract
Abstract. The accelerative growth of Indonesian Islamic banking in the post-COVID-19 era, accompanied by significant profitability disparities across Sharia Commercial Banks, underscores the importance of identifying key determinants of financial performance in this industry. This research examines the effect of leverage proxied by DER and capital adequacy proxied by CAR on profitability proxied by ROA within Sharia Commercial Banks operating in Indonesia. The theoretical framework draws upon trade-off theory (Kraus & Litzenberger, 1973) and pecking order theory (Myers & Majluf, 1984). A quantitative-verificative method was employed through panel regression analysis conducted with EViews 12. Data obtained from annual financial statements were gathered via documentation techniques from 13 Sharia Commercial Banks over the 2022-2024 period, yielding 39 observations. Model determination through Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests confirmed the Random Effect Model (REM) as most suitable. Findings reveal that DER does not significantly affect ROA on a partial basis, reflecting the distinctive profit-sharing nature of Islamic banking. Conversely, CAR exerts a significant negative effect on ROA, suggesting that excess capital accumulation reduces asset efficiency. Simultaneously, DER and CAR jointly and significantly influence ROA, with a coefficient of determination of 17.60%.
Abstrak. Pertumbuhan perbankan syariah Indonesia yang akseleratif pasca-pandemi COVID-19, disertai dengan disparitas profitabilitas yang signifikan antar Bank Umum Syariah (BUS), mengindikasikan urgensi identifikasi faktor-faktor penentu kinerja keuangan industri ini. Studi ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh leverage yang diproksikan dengan DER serta kecukupan modal yang diproksikan dengan CAR terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan ROA pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian berlandaskan trade-off theory (Kraus & Litzenberger, 1973) dan pecking order theory (Myers & Majluf, 1984) sebagai kerangka teoritis. Metode yang diterapkan adalah kuantitatif verifikatif dengan pendekatan analisis regresi data panel menggunakan EViews 12. Data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan dihimpun melalui teknik dokumentasi dari 13 BUS selama periode 2022-2024, menghasilkan 39 observasi. Pemilihan model terbaik melalui uji Chow, Hausman, dan Lagrange Multiplier menetapkan Random Effect Model (REM). Temuan penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa DER tidak memberi pengaruh signifikan pada ROA secara parsial, yang mencerminkan kekhasan sistem bagi hasil perbankan syariah. Sebaliknya, CAR memberi pengaruh signifikan negatif pada ROA, mengindikasikan bahwa akumulasi modal berlebih mengurangi efisiensi aset. Secara simultan, DER dan CAR memberi pengaruh signifikan pada ROA dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 17,60%.
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